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The Open Problems
Open Problems represent the most critical technical and theoretical hurdles preventing the widespread deployment of nanorobotic systems. Solving these challenges is essential for unlocking the next era of precision medicine, environmental remediation, and advanced manufacturing.

Major Research Challenges
Open Problems represent the critical bottlenecks in nanorobotics. Addressing these challenges is pivotal for transitioning from theoretical models to functional, real-world applications in medicine and industry.
Power & Autonomy
Developing sustainable energy sources for microscopic robots operating in viscous biological fluids.
Signal Transduction
Engineering robust communication channels between nano-agents and macro-scale control systems.
Biocompatibility
Ensuring synthetic components and propulsion mechanisms do not trigger adverse immune responses.

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